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features n single chip full band solution, compatible with digital and analog transmissions n low noise rf input n high input signal handling to eliminate the requirement for front end agc n low phase noise local oscillator n no prescaler in lo output drive, optimal architecture for low phase noise applications n low radiation design n if agc amplifier with dual selectable outputs n esd protection. (normal esd handling procedures should be observed) ordering information SL2015/kg/qp1s (tubes) SL2015/kg/qp1t (tape and reel) the SL2015 is a fully integrated mixer oscillator with output agc, intended primarily for application in satellite tuners, where it downconverts the first high if from the outdoor unit to the second if for data demodulation. the device contains a low noise rf input amplifier and mixer functioning to 2.15ghz, an integrated low phase noise local oscillator and an agc if output buffer amplifier. the if signal is available at one of two outputs selected by the if-op- sel input. the signal handling of the SL2015 is sufficient to greatly simplify or remove the requirement for input agc with appropriate image filtering in full band systems, or to remove the requirement for band limit filtering with appropriate agc in half band systems. applications n satellite tuners n communications systems pin 1 ref. spot fig.1 pin connections - top view v ee v ee -rf rf inputb rf input v cc -rf v cc -lo tank tankb v ee -lo if-op-sel agc control if output1 if output1b v cc -if lo output lo outputb v ee -if if output2b v ee if output2 qp20 SL2015 full band satellite tuner advance information supersedes april 1997 version, ds4548 - 2.1 ds4593 - 3.2 february 1998
2 SL2015 quick reference data characteristic units rf input noise figure 16 db maximum conversion gain 33 db minimum conversion gain -5 db if1 and if2 output gain match 2 db ip3 2t input referred at minimum conversion gain +3 dbm ip2 2t input referred at minimum conversion gain +17 dbm lo phase noise at 10khz -75 dbc/hz fig. 2 block diagram tankb tank 8 7 16 15 lo output lo outputb 19 18 if output1 if output1b 13 12 if output2 if output2b 20 agc control 10 if-op-sel 3 4 rf inputb rf input 5,6,17 1,2,9,11,14 v cc v ee
3 SL2015 the SL2015 is a downconverter mixer oscillator with an output agc amplifier, when used with appropriate external varactor tuned oscillator sustaining network performs the first if tuning function for a full band satellite receiver system. a block diagram is contained in fig. 2. in application the rf input of the device is interfaced through appropriate impedance matching to the first if signal, which is downlinked from the outdoor unit at typically 950-2150mhz. the rf input preamplifier of the device is designed for low noise figure and for low distortion so eliminating the requirement for rf agc. the preamplifier also provides gain to the mixer section and back isolation from the local oscillator section. the output of the preamplifier is fed to the mixer section where the rf signal is mixed with the local oscillator frequency, which is generated by an on-board oscillator. the oscillator block uses an external tunable sustaining network and is optimised for low phase noise. this section also contains a buffer drive whose outputs can be used to frequency lock the lo carrier to the required channel. signals from the mixer are fed to the agc if amplifier, which gives an overall conversion gain programmable from -10 to +30db. the output of this stage can be switched to one of two outputs to facilitate if processing. functional description fig. 3 rf input matching network fig. 4 vco application circuit 6.2nh to device 0.7pf 6mm stripline fig. 5 lo phase noise variation with frequency (typical) 2 x 1t379 10k vcnt 0.75p tank tankb 0.75p 6mm stripline SL2015 phase noise -78.00 -76.00 -74.00 -72.00 -70.00 -68.00 -66.00 -64.00 -62.00 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400 2600 2800 lo frequency mhz phase noise dbc/hz @10khz lo frequency mhz lo frequency mhz SL2015 phase noise
4 SL2015 fig. 6 ip3 variation with gain setting (minimum) -20 -10 10 20 30 40 -5 -10 -15 -20 -25 ip3 (dbm) conversion gain (db) +5 applies for a constant if output level of -14dbm applies for a constant if output level of -14dbm -20 -10 10 20 30 40 -5 -10 -15 -20 +15 +10 +5 ip2 (dbm) fig. 7 ip2 variation with gain setting (minimum)
5 SL2015 fig. 8 p1db with gain setting (typical) -10 -20 -30 +10 +30 +20 x x x 0 -10 rf input level at p1db (dbm) gain setting (db) agc voltage (v) conversion gain (db) -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.8 4 35 fig.9 gain variation with agc voltage (typical)
6 SL2015 rf inputs if output select input local oscillator inputs if outputs lo buffer drive agc input lo output lo outputb v cc fig. 10 input/output interface circuits v ref4 agc 12k control 2k v ref 1 300 300 rf inputs v ref 3 v cc if-op-sel output 50 50 outputb v ref 2 1k 1k tank tankb
7 SL2015 SL2015 evaluation board this board has been created to show the operation of the SL2015 mixer/oscillator together with the sp5659 low phase noise synthesiser. schematics for the board are shown in figs. 11a and 11b. in a real system, the if output would be fed to a saw filter then onto either an fm demodulator such as the sl1466, or an iq downconverter such as the sl1710 or sl1711. control of the agc would be via a loop, which should be set up to ensure that the sl1466, sl1710 or other if chip receives the correct level for optimum performance. for full evaluation, 30v and 5v supplies are necessary, together with i 2 c data, rf signal sources and test equipment. supplies the board must be provided with the following supplies: a) 5v for the SL2015 and sp5659 and 30v for the varactor line. the supply connector is a 3 pin 0.1" pitch pin header. the centre pin of the connector is gnd. i 2 c bus connections b) the board is provided with an rj11 i 2 c bus connector which feeds directly to the sp5659 synthesiser. this connects to a standard 6-way connector cable which is supplied with the i 2 c/3-wire bus interface box. input and output connections the board is provided with the following connectors: a) rf i/p sma connector (sma1) which is ac coupled to the rf input of the SL2015. b) if out 1 (sma2) and if out 2 (sma5). these outputs may be selected by switching port p0 on the sp5659. the standard if output frequencies used are typically 402.75mhz or 479.5mhz. either if output may be connected directly to 50 w test equipment such as a spectrum analyser. details of programming the SL2015 are included below. programming of sp5659 synthesiser the sp5659 synthesiser is used to set the frequency of the SL2015 vco. since high sided mixing is normally employed in satellite tuners, the vco should be set to the if above the wanted input channel. example: to mix a wanted channel at 1020.5mhz down to 479.5mhz. the synthesiser must be programmed to 1020.5mhz + 479.5mhz = 1500mhz. send i 2 c data c2 0b b8 93 40 to the sp5659. see table 1 for example i 2 c codes. c2 is the address byte (byte 1). 0b b8 is the programmable divider information (bytes 2 and 3). (i.e. 1500mhz / 500khz = 3000 = 0bb8hex) 93 is the programmable and reference divider information (byte 4). this will enable the prescaler and program the reference divider to a divide by 16 mode giving a 250khz phase comparator frequency with a 500khz step size when a 4mhz crystal is used. 40 is charge pump and port control data (byte 5). the code 40 will set the charge pump current to 260ua. all ports will be switched off. if it is required to use the sp5659 (for vco < 2ghz) with the prescaler disabled it is recommended that data is initially sent to enable the prescaler. this will avoid a potential 'lock out' situation arising when the lo frequency is greater than 2ghz. links and switches the board is provided with the following: agc select switch this switches between programmable control of the SL2015 agc, via port p1 of the sp5659, or direct control via the pin tp1, external agc voltage. in normal application , the agc will be controlled via a loop, such that the if chip which follows is fed with the desired input level.
8 SL2015 required SL2015 vco byte 1 byte2 byte 3 byte 4 byte 5 frequency (mhz) address prog divider prog divider prog divider charge pump 8 msb's 8 lsb's /reference and port divider control 1500 c2 0b b8 93 40 1600 c2 0c 80 93 40 1700 c2 0d 48 93 40 1800 c2 0e 10 93 40 1900 c2 0e d8 93 40 2000 c2 0f a0 93 40 2100 c2 10 68 93 40 2200 c2 11 30 93 40 2300 c2 11 f8 93 40 2400 c2 12 c0 93 40 bottom of band c2 xx xx 93 11 top of band c2 xx xx 93 10 codes above are for fcomp = 250khz, prescaler enabled, giving fstep = 500khz. x = don't care table 1. example i 2 c hex codes for sp5659 synthesiser switching of SL2015 if outputs port p0 is used to select the if ouputs. when port p0 is off, if output 1 is selected. when port p0 is on, if output 2 is selected. switching of SL2015 agc port p1 is used to program the agc gain. when port p1 is off, agc is set to 4v (minimum gain). when port p1 is on, the agc is set to 1v (maximum gain). SL2015 operation the SL2015 is a downconverter mixer oscillator with an agc amplifier, which when used with appropriate external varactor tuned oscillator sustaining network performs the first if tuning function for a full band satellite receiver system. in application the rf input of the device is interfaced through appropriate impedance matching to the first if signal, which is down linked from the outdoor unit at typically 950- 2150mhz. the rf input preamplifier of the device is designed for low noise figure and for low distortion so eliminating the requirement for rf agc. the preamplifier also provides gain to the mixer section and back isolation from the local oscillator section. the output of the preamplifier is fed to the mixer section where the rf signal is mixed with the local oscillator frequency, which is generated by an on board oscillator. the on board oscillator uses an external tuneable sustaining network and is optimised for low phase noise. this section also contains a buffer drive whose outputs can be used to frequency lock the lo carrier to the required channel. signals from the mixer are then fed to the agc if amplifier, which gives an overall conversion gain programmable from -10 to +30 db. the output of this stage can be switched to one of two outputs to facilitate if processing. the SL2015 will mix an rf input signal from 950mhz - 2150mhz with its own local oscillator, and produce an if signal typically at 402.75mhz or 479.5mhz. the device has a number of features, which may be either programmable via a synthesiser and operated as part of a dynamic agc loop, or hardwired into a fixed mode. there are a variety of parameters which can be measured using this evaluation board. use with external oscillator . for applications that require extremely good phase noise, typically >-75dbc @ 10khz across the band, it is recommended that the sl2017 together with an external local oscillator is used. the sl2017 is functionally equivalent to the SL2015, however the tank inputs have been modified to act as a buffer to an external vco. further details of this application are shown in the sl2017 datasheet.
9 SL2015 measurement of phase noise. this is best measured by looking at the if output of the SL2015. the if should be fed to a spectrum analyser, where it can be interpreted. there are two common methods of doing this: a) using phase noise analysis software (such a hp85671a phase noise program) b) direct measurement of the noise floor at the chosen offset frequency, and conversion to a dbc/hz figure. since method a) will depend on the software used, a description of method b) will be given only. to measure phase noise at 10khz offset: a) tune the centre frequency of the spectrum analyer to the if - e.g. 479.5mhz b) set the span initially wide (10mhz or greater). gradually reduce this until it is set to 50khz or less, taking care to ensure that the centre frequency of the display matches the if peak. c) perform a peak search d) set marker delta to 10khz e) set video averaging on to ensure that a representative measurement of the noise floor at the chosen offset frequency is made. f) record the level of noise at the 10khz offset compared to the peak if level (in dbc). measurement of conversion gain (from a 50 w source) a) connect an rf signal generator to the rf input to the SL2015. b) connect an if output to a spectrum analyser. c) feed the SL2015 with the appropriate signal level, depending on agc setting, required output, etc. d) note the relative difference in the input and if level in db. this is the conversion gain of the device. for increased accuracy, the input signal level should also be checked with a spectrum analyser, since any level measurement errors that exist within the analyser will then be relative, rather than literal. the agc voltage may be varied and conversion gain measured at different agc voltages. care must be taken to ensure that the lo is stable, since any instability will reduce the averaged peak lo value, thus giving a falsely low phase noise reading. g) convert the measured reading to a 1hz bandwidth. e.g. a measured phase noise of -50dbc/1khz bandwidth (rbw of 1khz) corresponds to -80dbc/hz. since noise floor must be reduced by the ratio of the two bandwidths i.e. 10 log 1khz/1hz = 30db.
10 SL2015 e) the difference in level in db between the fundamentals and the 3rd order products is the im3 of the device. f) ip3 may be calculated from the above reading as follows: ip3 = rf input level + im3/2. this level is usually referred to the input. e.g. assuming a measured im3 of 44db, and with an input level of -19dbm, ip3 = 44/2 + -19dbm = +3dbm in a 50 w system, this may be converted to dbuv by adding 107 to the value calculated since 0dbm = 107db m v. i.e. +3dbm = 110dbuv. this is known as the input referred ip3 of the device. if you experience any difficulties with this board, or require further help, please contact robert marsh on 01793 518234 or fred herman on 01793 518423. the fax number is 01793 518411. the in-band ones are listed below: fd = flo - (2 x f1 - f2) fc = flo - (2 x f2 - f1) fd = 1430mhz - (2 x 950mhz - 951mhz) = 481mhz fc = 1430mhz - (2 x 951mhz - 950mhz) = 478mhz fa fb fc fd fundamentals 3rd order product 3rd order product measurement of im3 and ip3 a) input two signal tones from rf generators. the level of these should be adjusted so that the device sees an input signal level of -19dbm from each tone. program the local oscillator so that both tones are mixed down to the if (approx). b) adjust the agc so that the device gives an overall conversion gain of +5db. c) connect a spectrum analyser to the selected if output of the device. d) measure the relative levels of the down converter signals and the 3rd order products (see diag overleaf). two input signals are used: f1 = 950mhz f2 = 951mhz the local oscillator flo is tuned to 1430mhz. this gives the following at the if output: fa = 1430mhz - 950mhz = 480mhz fb = 1430mhz - 951mhz = 479mhz mixing products are also produced in the front end. these are then downconverted by the mixer.
11 SL2015 1 2 3 4 5 p3 7 p2 8 p1 9 p0 10 adc 11 vcc 12 13 14 vee 15 16 6 rf input rf input xtal charge pump drive output sda scl ref/comp address i2c bus interface programmable divider phase comp ic2 sp5659 c32 68pf r7 13k t1 bcw31 r8 22k 1 2 3 j1 power connector 5v r9 16k r10 47k c39 2n2f c41 4u7f c36 100pf c33 100nf +5v +30v c34 100nf 5v varactor line rf rf b r16 10k if op sel r13 220r r15 1k r14 4k agc c31 15nf sda5 3 5v0 4 gnd 5 scl5 6 j3 i2c bus c38 100pf c37 100pf c30 18pf x1 4mhz gnd fig. 11a evaluation board schematic pll section
12 SL2015 fig. 11b evaluation board schematic SL2015 section vee 1 vee rf 2 3 4 vcc rf 5 7 8 13 vee if 14 15 16 vcc if 17 18 19 20 vcc lo 6 vee lo 9 10 vee 11 12 rf ip b rf ip tank tankb if out2b if out2 lo op2 lo op if out1 if out1b agc note: differential signals are shown as thick lines if op sel osc ic1 SL2015 c1 1nf c7 1nf rf c3 1nf c9 1nf 5v c4 100pf c5 100pf c6 100pf 5v c2 1nf c8 1nf sma5 if out 2b sma2 if out 1 if op sel c10 1nf sma1 rf input rf b c11 1nf strip 6mm it379bb835 it379bb835 varactor line d1 d2 r2 1m r1 1m l1 strip 6mm l2 s1 agc sel c13 1nf c14 1nf r3 50r r4 50r c12 0p75f 0p75f external agc voltage tpi agc d1 it379 d2 it379
13 SL2015 electrical characteristics these characteristics are guaranteed by either production test or design. they apply within the specified ambient temperature and supply voltage unless otherwise stated. t amb = -20 c to + 80 c, v cc = + 4.75v to 525v. if = 403.25mhz or 479.5mhz; if bandwidth up to 54mhz maximum. rf input frequency = 950mhz - 2150mhz. characteristic value min typ max units conditions supply current, i cc 5,6,17 80 115 ma rf input noise figure at 3,4 16 db @ t amb = 27 c maximum gain variation of noise figure with 1 db/db agc setting conversion gain agc bandwidth 100khz minimum agc gain -15 -5 db agc = 4.0v maximum agc gain 25 33 db agc = 1.0v agc = self bias (2.4v) gain inband ripple -0.25 +0.25 db channel bandwidth 27mhz gain variation across rf input -2 +2 db range gain imbalance between if 12,13 -2 +2 db outputs 18,19 rf input impedance, single 3,4 50 w @ t amb = 27 c ended rf input return loss 3,4 8 12 db input unmatched @ t amb = 27 c rf input ip2 3,4 12 14 dbm see note 2 rf input ip3 3,4 -1 1 dbm see note 2 rf input ip3 variation with gain see fig. 6 input referred 1db gain see fig. 8 compression two tone im2 distortions with -31 -33 dbc see note 2 two tone im3 distortions -36 -40 dbc see note 2 lo tuning range 7,8 1250 2700 mhz maximum range of 1.4ghz within band, application circuit as in fig. 4. lo phase noise 7,8 -75 dbc/hz ssb at 10khz offset, application circuit as in fig. 4. ? lo =2.63ghz pin
14 SL2015 lo leakage to rf input 3,4,7,8 -30 dbm lo leakage to if outputs 7,8,12 -10 dbm maximum conversion gain lo output drive 15,16 92 db m v differential into 100 w , nb, synthesiser should be driven differentially lo output impedance 15,16 100 w differential lo output return loss 15,16 8 db agc gain control slope variation 20 monotonic from v ee to v cc. see fig. 9 agc control input current 20 -250 250 m a output select low voltage 10 0.7 v o/p 2 enabled, o/p 1 disabled output select high voltage 10 v cc -0.7 v o/p 1 enabled, o/p 2 disabled output select low current 10 -50 m a output select high current 10 200 m a if output 1 & 2 12,13, output in enabled and disabled state 18,19 output impedance 50 w single ended return loss 12 db if output 1 to 2 isolation 12,13 30 db 18,19 characteristic value min typ max units conditions pin electrical characteristics these characteristics are guaranteed by either production test or design. they apply within the specified ambient temperature and supply voltage unless otherwise stated. t amb = -20 c to + 80 c, v cc = + 4.75v to 525v. if = 403.25mhz or 479.5mhz; if bandwidth up to 54mhz maximum. rf input frequency = 950mhz -2150mhz. notes: 1. all dbm units refer to a 50 w system 2. applies for any two carriers within band at -19dbm, and with agc set for +5db conversion gain.
15 SL2015 absolute maximum ratings all voltages are referred to v ee = 0v (pins 1,2,9,11,14) supply voltages v cc 5,6,17 -0.3 7 v transient rf input voltage 3,4 2.5 vp-p rf input dc offset 3,4 -0.3 v cc +0.3 v tank inputs dc offset 7,8 -0.3 v cc +0.3 v lo output drive dc offset 15, 16 -0,3 v cc +0.3 v if-op-sel input dc offset 10 -0.3 v cc +0.3 if outputs 1 and 2 dc offset 12, 13 -0.3 v cc +0.3 v 18, 19 agc control input dc offset 20 -0.3 v cc +0.3 v storage temperature -55 +150 c junction temperature +150 c qp20 thermal resistance 100 c/w power consumption at v cc =5.25v 580 mw esd protection all 1.75 kv mil std 883 latest revision method 3015 class 1. parameter value min max units conditions pin

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